Study on the feeding habit and trophic level of main economic invertebrates in the Huanghai Sea     

Cheng Jisheng  Zhu Jinsheng  Jiang Weimin 《海洋学报(英文版)》1999,18(1):117-126

INTRODUCTIONTheHuanghaiSeaisrichwithfisheryspecies.Apartfromfishes,thereisagreatnumberofinvertebrates,ofwhichmanyareofcommercialimportance,playinganimportantroleintheHuanghaiSeafishery.Twogroupsofinvertebrates,CrustaceaandCephalopodawerelandedduringthetrawlsurveysintheHuanghaiSea.CrustaceaincludedPenaeusorientalis,Trachypenaeuscurvirostris,Crangonaffinis,Mitatynaeopsisdalei,Palaemongravieri,Portunustrituberculatus,Charybdisbimaculata,Oratosquillaoratoria,etc.andCephalopodainclucded…  相似文献   

大亚湾三种经济贝类的营养生态位及潜在产量评估     

黎辉  何慧  金启增 《热带海洋学报》1999,(4)

通过周年4个季度对大亚湾3种主要经济贝类———珍珠贝Pinctadamartensii,华贵栉孔扇贝Chlamysnobilis　和贻贝Pernaviridis的采样、观测和鉴定,分析它们胃肠物中的食物组成及其季节变化,综合分析了它们的营养生态位。结果显示,3种贝类的食物组成相似,食物中以碎屑、碎片最多,其次是浮游植物,主要包括硅藻、甲藻、金藻和蓝藻,而浮游动物含量最少,偶尔见到原生动物、轮虫、枝角类和桡足类的残体或壳。大亚湾水体的年初级生产力为63万t有机碳,推算出大亚湾生态系统中贝类的最大产量约为1600t·km-2,潜在产量为16—160t·km-2。  相似文献   

Spatial and seasonal variations in the ecological characteristics of the free-living nematode assemblages in a large microtidal estuary     

M. Hourston  I.C. Potter  R.M. Warwick  F.J. Valesini  K.R. Clarke 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2009

This study has determined the ways in which the density, number of species, species composition and trophic structure of free-living nematode assemblages in the subtidal waters of a large southern hemisphere microtidal estuary change spatially and seasonally, and has explored whether those four biotic characteristics are related to certain environmental factors. Based on data derived from samples collected seasonally at 12 sites throughout the estuary, the densities and number of species of nematodes decreased progressively with distance from estuary mouth, to reach a minimum at sites where salinities were most variable, and then increased slightly in the uppermost part of the estuary where salinities were least. Densities were also generally greatest in spring, due largely to increases in the abundance of epistrate-grazing species at this time and thus when the amount of primary food (microphytobenthos) peaked. The spatial distribution of the composition of the nematode assemblages was closely correlated with salinity and, to a lesser extent, grain-size composition and amount of particulate organic material (%POM) in the sediment. Although species composition changed sequentially along the estuary, the change was particularly pronounced between sites above and below the area where salinities started to decline markedly and become more variable and %POM increased markedly. This reflected, in particular, far greater abundances of Spirinia parasitifera at the six downstream sites and of Theristus sp. 1 at the six sites further upstream. Species composition underwent pronounced seasonal cyclical changes at all sites, presumably reflecting interspecific differences in the timing of peak reproduction and thus of recruitment. The trophic structure of the nematode assemblages changed both spatially and temporally in relation to the relative abundance of different food sources. Thus, for example, non-selective deposit feeders, such as Theristus sp. 1, dominated samples in the upper estuary, where %POM was by far the greatest, and was rare or absent at downstream sites. Conversely, epistrate grazers, such as species of the Chromadoridae, were most abundant at downstream sites in spring, when the density of the microphytobenthos reached its maximum.  相似文献   

Trophic interactions in the coastal ecosystem of Sri Lanka: An ECOPATH preliminary approach     

S.S.K. Haputhantri  M.C.S. Villanueva  J. Moreau 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2008

This study attempts to assemble and summarize existing information in order to build a general representation of the trophic interactions within the shallow coastal ecosystem of Sri Lanka. A multispecific ecosystem-based approach on trophic relationships and their possible variations was performed using ECOPATH. Thirty-nine functional groups were considered representing all trophic levels in the food web.  相似文献   

厦门东海域鱼类食物网研究   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

黄良敏  张雅芝  潘佳佳  崔裕侠  吴亚娟 《台湾海峡》2008,27(1):64-73

本文分析了厦门东海域58种鱼类的营养关系.根据对它们的食性分析,并依其食料生物的生态类群,将厦门东海域的鱼类食性类型分为:浮游生物食性、底栖生物食性、游泳动物食性、浮游生物和底栖生物、底栖生物和游泳动物食性等5种.该海域鱼类的营养级可分为4级:杂食性鱼类、低级肉食性鱼类、中级肉食性鱼类和高级肉食性鱼类,其中低级肉食性鱼类占优势,为63.79%.本文还分析了厦门东海域鱼类的食物网及其能量流动途径,并提出合理利用和保护厦门东海域鱼类资源的建议.  相似文献   

“海参-对虾”混养海水池塘的食物网结构及营养层级研究     

郭凯  赵文  王珊  刘保占  张鹏 《海洋学报(英文版)》2016,35(4):58-62

The food sources of aquacultured Apostichopus japonicus and the trophic levels of organisms in a sea cucumber(A. japonicus) and prawn(Penaeus japonica) polyculture system in a saltwater pond in Zhuanghe, Liaoning Province were examined using carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes. Across organisms, δ13C ranged from(–25.47±0.20)‰ to(–16.48±0.17)‰(mean±SD), and δ15N ranged from(4.23±0.49)‰ to(12.44±0.09)‰. The δ13C and δ15N contents of A. japonicus, P. japonica and Fenneropenaeus chinensis were comparatively higher than those of other organisms. Values of δ13C and δ15N revealed that P. japonica, Hemigrapsus sanguineus and Neomysis japonica comprised the largest component of the diet of A. japonicus. The mean trophic level of the organisms in this saltwater pond polyculture system was(2.75±0.08). P. japonica, A. japonicus, F. chinensis,Synechogobius hasta and Neomysis japonica were in the 3rd trophic level(2–3); jellyfish, H. sanguineus and zooplankton were in the 2nd trophic level(1–2); and Enteromorpha prolifera, benthic microalgae, periphyton and suspended matter primarily consisting of phytoplankton, bacteria and humus were in the primary trophic level(0–1).  相似文献   

数据稀缺生态系统中多种类质量谱模型的构建   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张崇良  陈勇  THOMPSON Katherine  任一平 《海洋学报(英文版)》2016,35(4):63-73

多种类生态模型已经被广泛应用于渔业活动影响应预测和管理措施效果评估。质量谱模型是一种基于生理过程构建的生态模型,该模型为描述鱼类群落在个体摄食变异和随个体发生的生态位迁移提供了一个可行的方法。尽管生态模型在增进生态系统认识上具有重要意义,其应用在数据稀缺的渔业中受到很大限制。作为实践基于生态系统渔业管理(EBFM)的第一步,本研究构建了海州湾鱼类群落的质量谱模型。本研究详述了数据收集和模型参数化的过程,以促进该模型在数据稀缺的生态系统中未来的应用。作为一个范例,研究展示了不同捕捞努力量对生态系统的影响,并采用一套生态指标监测其动态。群落生物量、多样性指数、W指数,大鱼指数(LFI),平均体重和群落质量谱斜率对捕捞压力的响应呈非线性,最大的捕捞强度并非总是对鱼类群落产生最强的影响。本文强调了构建谱模型在生态研究中的的价值和可行性,并讨论了模型的局限性和改进的可能。本研究旨在促进质量谱模型的广泛应用以更好地支持基于生态系统的渔业管理。  相似文献   

Stable isotope analysis of consumer food webs indicates ecosystem recovery following prolonged drought in a subtropical estuarine lake     

MS Bird  R Perissinotto  NAF Miranda  N Peer  JL Raw 《African Journal of Marine Science》2016,38(3):411-422

Assessing changes in food-web structure provides a useful monitoring tool for gauging the resilience of ecosystems in the face of climatic impacts. We consider the ecological resilience of a large estuarine lake (St Lucia Estuary, South Africa) in the wake of an extreme climatic event (prolonged drought). Using carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes, food-web structure was assessed at five sites across the estuary during the winter and spring of 2013. Sampling occurred approximately three years after heavy rains flooded the system and returned it to a relatively diluted state following an almost decade-long drought that decimated food webs in the upper parts of the estuary due to hypersalinity effects. Comparisons of niche width and variance of consumer food webs among sites revealed a general homogenisation of food webs across the entire system, contrasting with the spatial differentiation of food webs documented during the drought phase. Our results indicate that the estuary is able to maintain ecological resilience at the whole-system level in the face of an extreme drought. This is likely facilitated by source pools of species residing in the relatively stable lower estuary, which are able to rapidly recolonise areas denuded by drought in the upper estuary.  相似文献   

Water Flow, Trophic Depletion, and Benthic Macrofauna Impoverishment in a Submarine Cave from the Western Mediterranean   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Mikel Zabala  Tecla Riera  Josep Maria Gili  Manel Barange  Agustin Lobo  Josep Peñuelas 《Marine Ecology》1989,10(3):271-287

Abstract. Biotic zonation and severe impoverishment of benthic macrofauna are two of the most conspicuous features of submarine caves. The prevailing explanation assumes trophic depletion caused by reduction of water flow. However, no isolation of water was found in the studied Catalan submarine cave, even in the wall microlayer. Fluorescein diffusion was so fast that it was detectable everywhere in the cave already only a few minutes after the injection. The rate of dissolution of plaster spheres was even greater in the cave than in a nearby tunnel – without benthic macrofauna impoverishment – showing a considerable water flow. The oxygen concentration of water in dialysis bags placed at varying distances from the cave walls showed that no wall microlayer gradients were present.
Biochemical gradients did not indicate any decrease in food supply. Although photosynthetic pigment concentration generally decreased inside the cave, and although the gradients were not linear but formed different patterns throughout the cave, the BOD₅, the POM, the C:N ratio, the [³H]-thymidine incorporation rate, and the ETS activity were higher in the inner part of the cave. There was an accumulation of detritic material and bacteria in the inner parts that constitute a plausible food supply for benthic macrofauna.
If neither water motion nor food supply can be invoked, research into the causes of zonation and disappearence of benthic macrofauna is proposed to be carried out on biotic interactions and behavioural processes.  相似文献   

The Diets in Four Pacific Tube Blennies (Acanthemblemaria: Chaenopsidae): Lack of Ecological Divergence in Syntopic Species     

David G.  Lindquist Kurt M.  Kotrschal 《Marine Ecology》1987,8(4):327-335

Abstract. The diets of three syntopic Gulf of California Acanthemblemaria (A. balanorum, A. crock-eri and A. macrospilus) and A. castroi from the Galapagos Island are nearly uniformly composed of harpacticoid copepods and other small benthic-vagile or planktonic crustaceans. On occasion, large prey items such as crabs or other small fishes are taken. HORN'S index of niche overlap indicates that the three syntopic Acanthemblemaria are not separated along the food resource utilization axis. Slight variations in diets among the syntopic species seem to be related to differences in degree of microhabitat specialization.  相似文献